From the Gulf of Delago, which he reached on January 10, 1498, the small flotilla had to enter into a fierce struggle with the northern sea current. On November 22, he rounded the Cape of Good Hope and on December 25 arrived at the coast of the land he named Terra Natalis (Natal, Christmas Land). Therefore, the voyage from the Cape Verde Islands to South Africa took several more months. Yet the ships did not retire to the most favorable distance for sailing ships. Thus, he moved off the coast for the first time to take advantage of the favorable winds. On two three-masted ships with a displacement of 120 and 100 tons and one transport ship, Vasco da Gama left the port of Richella near Lisbon on July 8, 1497, sailed through the Canary Islands and Cape Verde and headed west to the Atlantic Ocean. He could use for this purpose mainly the experience of the voyages of Kahn and Diaz. After it became known about the successes achieved by the Spanish expedition of Columbus, da Gama was sent by the Portuguese king Manuel in order to find the sea route to India, which had been sought since the time of Henry the Navigator. Gama Vasco da, Portuguese navigator, was born in Sines in 1469, died in Cochin (East Indies) on December 24, 1524.
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One of the members of the first expedition Vasco da Gama left notes about this journey, which were translated into French and published in the series "Former and Modern Travelers" (1855). In the same year, Vasco da Gama set off on his third and last trip to India, where he soon died in Cochin. In 1524 the king appointed him viceroy of India. Returning to Portugal in 1503, Vasco da Gama began to develop a plan for the further capture of India. This time Vasco da Gama turned the flourishing and populous Calicut into a heap of ruins and built a fortress in Cochin, and also founded several trading posts on the east coast of Africa and on the Malabar coast of India. In 1502 Vasco da Gama, having received the rank of admiral, went to India at the head of a fleet of 20 ships with a detachment of infantry and cannons. Immediately after the return of Vasco da Gama to Portugal, the government equipped a new expedition to India, under the command of Pedro Alvaris Cabral. The opening of the sea route from Europe to India and the establishment of direct trade relations with it is, after the discovery of America by Columbus, the most important geographical discovery that radically influenced the movement of trade routes and centers.
Of the 168 people who went with him to India, only 55 returned, the rest died. December 10, 1498, loading his ships with spices, Vasco da Gama sailed on the return journey and in September 1499, after a two-year voyage, returned to Lisbon. Despite the clearly hostile attitude of the Arab merchants-sailors, who felt the danger of the appearance of Europeans here, Vasco da Gama managed to establish diplomatic and trade relations with them. On May 20, 1498, the squadron arrived at the Malabar coast, near the city of Calicut, which was at that time the center of Indo-Arab trade. Ibn-Majid, under whose leadership he safely crossed the Indian Ocean. Moving north along the east coast of Africa, the expedition found the trading harbors of the Arabs in one of them - Malindi - Vasco da Gama took an experienced pilot, the Arab A. In November 1497 Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean. On July 8, 1497, a squadron of 4 ships under the command of Vasco da Gama left Lisbon. This task was carried out by Vasco da Gama. Thus, the task was already half-solved, all that remained was to find a road across the Indian Ocean. In 1486 Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa and discovered the Cape of Good Hope (Cape of Tempests). African gold and slave negroes, which the Portuguese began to trade in 1442, served as an incentive on these expeditions as they found their way to India.
As early as 1415 (after the capture of the Arab fortress of Ceuta), the Portuguese undertook expeditions along the coast of Africa in order to discover this route. Vasco da Gama (1469 - December 24, 1524) - Portuguese navigator who opened the sea route to India.
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